The Synthesis of Vicinal Diacylamines via Bamberger Ring Cleavage of Substituted Imidazoles. 1,2,4-Triacylaminobutanes Bearing Different Acyl Groups

Bamberger ring cleavage acylation of N-p-toluenesulfonyl (tosyl) histamine followed by hydrogenation yields 3,4-diacylaminobutanetosylamine, a triamine containing groups with different chemical reactivities.     

Source-synchronization and timing vernier techniques for 1.2-GB/sSLDRAM interface

This paper describes a validation system for an SLDRAM interface. The SLDRAM system utilizes two techniques to achieve a high data-transfer rate with a conventional module mounting style. The first technique is a source-synchronization scheme. Since the chip that transmits data also supplies the data clock, the clock and data are completely synchronous. The second is the timing vernier technique. A wait time for output data is programmable in each SLDRAM. Therefore, the time at which data arrive at the controller from any SLDRAM can be set by the controller with a 200-ps step size. The validation chip is designed to emulate these operations. The chip is fabricated using a 0.35-μm CMOS process technology and packaged in a conventional 0.65-mm pitch thin small out-line package, mounted on a single-chip module, and put into an eight-module system. A stub series terminated logic (SSTL)-like interface is adopted for high-speed signals. From system-level measurements, the data eye width of 600 ps is obtained at a data rate of 600 Mbps. Errorless data transmission is observed in both read and write operations in a bit-error rate testing. The validation system has successfully demonstrated a data-transmission rate of 1.2 GB/s (600 Mbit/s/pin) using source-synchronization and timing vernier techniques at the supply voltage of 2.5 V     

Adaptive Median Filtering for Impulse Noise Elimination in Real-Time TV Signals

A two-dimensional (3 × 3) median filter with controlled turn-on is employed in an adaptive fashion for selective removal of impulse noise interference in real-time television signals. Various filters and threshold conditions are selected from programmed PROM's as a function of impulse noise detected and counted during a vertical interval window period. The adaptive median filter is used in conjunction with a satellite FM communication downlink system and can effectively improve the onset of threshold performance by about 3 dB carrier-to-noise ratio. The particular FM system discussed employs a multiplexed analog component, MAC, formatted TV signal. Use of the filter for standard NTSC composite signals is indicated.     

连接工业--连接器依靠其节省劳力的设计使工人能安全、快速装配,取得了成本效益

为使连接器保持竞争力,工程人员们都在努力提高其使用简易程度和成本效益以及工效学.连接器仅在气密和阻漏方面优越是不够的.在今天市场上,作为连接器工业还必须具其它卓越性能.     

Compound interest [President's Column]

The IEEE is celebrating its 125th anniversary this year. This is certainly a noteworthy event to acknowledge the history of the world's largest professional technical association. Yes, the IEEE is the world's leading professional association for the advancement of technology. It all began with the formation of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) in 1884. This was followed by the formation of the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) in 1912. In 1963, the AIEE and IRE merged to form the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, the IEEE. Today, the organization's scope of interest has expanded into so many related fields that it is simply referred to by the letters I-E-E-E ("Eye-triple-E"). It is a global organization with almost 400,000 Members in over 160 countries. IEEE Members have access to the industry's most essential technical information, networking opportunities, career development tools, and many other exclusive benefits. And the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTT-S) is proud to be part of that heritage.     

Dissociations of Personally Significant and Task-Relevant Distractors Inside and Outside the Focus of Attention: A Combined Behavioral and Psychophysiological Study.

Studies of attentional capture by personally significant stimuli have reached inconsistent results, possibly because of improper control of the participants' attention. In the present study, the authors controlled visual attention by using a Stroop-like task. Participants responded to a central color and ignored a word presented either centrally (i.e., at the focus of attention) or peripherally (i.e., outside the focus of attention). Central words led to slower reaction times and larger orienting responses for significant items than for neutral items. These effects largely disappeared when the words appeared in a peripheral location. The peripheral words interfered with performance when they were relevant to task demands. These results indicate that there is a fundamental difference between task-relevant words and personally significant words: The former capture attention even when presented peripherally, whereas the latter do not. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Relative importance of informational units and their role in long-term recall by closed-head-injured patients and control groups.

Applied qualitative analysis to the information recalled by control Ss and closed-head-injured (CHI) patients. The Logical Memory subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) was administered to 40 CHI and 40 control Ss. Recall was tested immediately after administration, 40 min later, and 24 hrs later. The analysis took into account the importance of recalled information as determined by a prior rating according to 3 levels of importance. Results suggest that CHI patients have difficulty selectively retrieving the most important information after a long delay. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Seawater quality and microbial communities at a desalination plant marine outfall. A field study at the Israeli Mediterranean coast

Global desalination quadrupled in the last 15 years and the relative importance of seawater desalination by reverse osmosis (SWRO) increased as well. While the technological aspects of SWRO plants are extensively described, studies on the environmental impact of brine discharge are lacking, in particular in situ marine environmental studies. The Ashqelon SWRO plant (333,000 m³ d⁻¹ freshwater) discharges brine and backwash of the pre-treatment filters (containing ferric hydroxide coagulant) at the seashore, next to the cooling waters of a power plant. At the time of this study brine and cooling waters were discharged continuously and the backwash discharge was pulsed, with a frequency dependent on water quality at the intake. The effects of the discharges on water quality and neritic microbial community were identified, quantified and attributed to the different discharges. The mixed brine-cooling waters discharge increased salinity and temperature at the outfall, were positively buoyant, and dispersed at the surface up to 1340 m south of the outfall. Nutrient concentrations were higher at the outfall while phytoplankton densities were lower. Chlorophyll-a and picophytoplankton cell numbers were negatively correlated with salinity, but more significantly with temperature probably as a result of thermal pollution. The discharge of the pulsed backwash increased turbidity, suspended particulate matter and particulate iron and decreased phytoplankton growth efficiency at the outfall, effects that declined with distance from the outfall. The discharges clearly reduced primary production but we could not attribute the effect to a specific component of the discharge. Bacterial production was also affected but differently in the three surveys. The combined and possible synergistic effects of SWRO desalination along the Israeli shoreline should be taken into account when the three existing plants and additional ones are expected to produce 2 Mm³ d⁻¹ freshwater by 2020.     

Behavioral and Physiological Measures in the Detection of Concealed Information.

The authors examined the incremental validity of the reaction time (RT) measure beyond that of skin conductance response (SCR) in the detection of concealed information. Participants performed a Stroop-like task in which they named the color of critical and neutral words. Results show that the SCR highly differentiated between the relevant and neutral words. However, the RT demonstrated a significant differentiation only when the critical words denoted personally significant items (e.g., one's own name) and not when they denoted crime-relevant items related to a simulated crime. In both cases, combining the 2 measures yielded no advantage over the use of SCR alone. Thus, although behavioral measures may differentiate between relevant and neutral information in some cases, their practical use is questionable. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)